Sep 16, 2020 ... During this stage, a major climate change occurred, namely, the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; Fig. 1). The CPE occurred around 234 to 232 ...The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma) . [8] The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian . The Carnian Stage of the Triassic Period marks one of the most significant intervals of the past 250 My. Within the space of ∼2 My, the world’s biota underwent major changes with dinosaurs becoming the notable incumbents. These events coincide with a remarkable interval of intense rainfall known as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE).Aug 30, 2021 · The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a time of biological turnover and environmental perturbations. Within the CPE interval, C-isotope and sedimentary records indicate multiple ... 6 days ago · Carnán was a spirit of nature residing in the forests of Núrn in Mordor, who had dwelt there since before any could remember. Little is known of her history, though she long protected her forest from outsiders, particularly Orcs. Her mortality was said to be bound to the "Great Tree" of her forest, which was the only place she could take human-like form. …Apr 17, 2012 ... The Late Triassic timescale is poorly constrained due largely to the dearth of reliable radioisotopic ages that.Christian Carnian is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Christian Carnian and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected.Nov 5, 2018 · Carnian-Norian GSSP candidate sections: BBR, Black Bear Ridge, British Columbia; PMS, Pizzo Mondello, Sicily. (b) Geological and tectonic map of the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas (simplified ...Dec 1, 2006 · The dating provides also a minimum age for some important climatic and biotic events that occurred during the Carnian. We note a coincidence between these events and the eruption of the large igneous province of Wrangellia, but the possible link between volcanism and climatic and biotic events requires further scrutiny.カーニアン （ 英: Carnian ）は、 国際層序委員会 によって定められた 地質学 用語 である、 地質時代 名の一つ。. 約2億3700万年前から約2億2700万年前にあたる、後期 三畳紀 の最初の期である。. 前の期は中期 三畳紀 最後の期 ラディニアン 、続く期は後期三 ... SummaryCarnian reef mounds with abundant and highly diverse siliceous sponges (Lyssacinosa and “Lithistida”) occur at the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin (Anxian and Mianzhu counties), Southern China. Triassic sediments comprise Ladinian to early Norian deposits. Sponge mounds are confined to the Upper Member of the …Feb 1, 2023 · The Middle–Late Triassic climates have attracted the attention of paleontological and geological scientists for the Carnian pluvial event in the early Late Triassic. The event is well-documented in the pelagic and epi-continental marine deposits of the Tethys, Gondwana, and Laurasia. However, inland terrestrial deposits are less …Mar 1, 2012 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a global environmental change and biotic crisis that occurred during the Carnian (Late Triassic). The climate during the CPE was characterized by a short ...ABSTRACT - The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a perturbation of the Late Triassic climate that had a strong impact on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The ...Christian Carnian is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Christian Carnian and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. Sep 30, 2021 · During this geologically brief rainy period 234 million to 232 million years ago, called the Carnian Pluvial Episode, dinosaurs started evolving into the hulking and diverse creatures that would ... Jan 15, 2022 · Proxies give different atmospheric pCO 2 estimates for the Carnian (Fig. 1).While all proxies give similar pCO 2 levels for the Early–earliest Late Triassic, pedogenic carbonate data overall suggest higher Carnian–Norian atmospheric pCO 2 values (ca. 3000 ppm) than stomatal index and phytane (<1000 ppm) (Fig. 1; Foster et al., 2017; Retallack and Conde, 2020; Schaller et al., 2015 ... The crisis of the Middle Triassic–early Carnian carbonate factories during the CPE was at least Tethys wide (2, 7, 20, 24). The other major change in the Carnian was a widespread increase of terrige-nous runoff (Fig. 1) (1, 2, 5). As a result, shallow marine basins of west - ern Tethys filled with sediment, causing seafloor topography to be A plethora of new data has highlighted the Carnian (237–228.45 Ma; Fig. 1) as a period of significant climate and environmental change. The middle Carnian (c. 232 Ma) …The Carnian, Late Triassic ( Fig. 1 ), marks a time of profound changes to life, in the ocean and on land. During this stage, a major climate change occurred, namely, the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; Fig. 1 ). The CPE occurred around 234 to 232 million years (Ma) ago. Oct 1, 2020 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), a 1–2 Ma interval of enhanced humidity midway through the Triassic Period, has been implicated in high levels of biotic turnover in marine environments. The Carnian stage on land also saw major faunal and floral reorganisation, including the extinction of rhynchosaurs, ...Apr 24, 2023 · The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ca. 234–232 Ma) was characterized by dramatic global temperature and humidity increases, which in many terrestrial settings was accompanied by changes from arid to humid vegetation types. This study reviews current evidence of terrestrial floral composition and distribution during the …Download scientific diagram | Early-late Carnian (Late Triassic) palaeogeographic reconstruction. a World map, showing palaeogeography in the late Triassic, ...Jan 22, 2013 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a short interval of extreme rainfall in the Late Triassic that caused significant changes in marine ecosystems. Global warming induced by Wrangellia volcanism ...Oct 15, 2015 · 1. Introduction. During the middle of the Carnian Age (~ 230 Ma) of the early Late Triassic, there was a global disruption of Earth's climate-ocean-biological system.This mid-Carnian episode, considered to be the most distinctive climate change within the Triassic (Preto et al., 2010), has been given various names depending upon the local …Oct 16, 2018 · The discovery of the Carnian Pluvial Episode arose through a chance conversation bringing together two seemingly unrelated strands of research: the extinction of some Triassic crinoids and the stratigraphy of the non-marine Mercia Mudstone Group. ... 2 days ago · The Carnic Alps are divided into two distinct areas: Carnic Main Crest (Karnischer Hauptkamm) (AVE 57a)Carnic Prealps (Karnische Voralpen), i.e. the Friaul Dolomites and their foothills, the former are, from the Mauria Pass southwards, counted as part of the group known as the Southern Carnic Alps (Südliche Karnische Alpen) (AVE …Mar 1, 2012 · Pizzo Mondello is one of the two GSSP candidates for the Carnian/Norian boundary; the section is a 430 m thick continuous succession of upper Carnian to upper Norian marine limestones (Scillato ...The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma) . [8] The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian . Oct 1, 2022 · The Carnian Humid Episode (CHE, also known as Carnian Pluvial Event or Carnian Pluvial Episode) is the most intriguing event in the Late Triassic, marked by a drastic but transient dry to wet climate transition (e.g., Ruffell et al., 2015; Dal Corso et al., 2020). The CHE is documented in both terrestrial and marine settings. It was first ...Nov 17, 2017 · 1. The Late Triassic was an interval of relatively warm climate, as indicated by lithofacies, the distribution of warm climate flora and coral reefs and the lack of evidence for glaciation, although temperature variations occurred. In particular, episodes of warming occurred during the middle Carnian and end-Rhaetian.The Carnian Stage of the Triassic Period marks one of the most significant intervals of the past 250 My. Within the space of ∼2 My, the world’s biota underwent major changes with dinosaurs becoming the notable incumbents. These events coincide with a remarkable interval of intense rainfall known as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE). Apr 12, 2020 · 从上往下，晚三叠世（Late，包括卡尼期Carnian，诺利期Norian和瑞替期Rhaetian）持续了大约3千6百万年，超过整个三叠纪的7成。 中三叠世（Middle，包括安尼期Anision和拉丁期Ladinian）是1千万年， …Sep 23, 2020 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode's effect on ocean life must also be considered as it marks the beginning of modern-style coral reefs and numerous groups of plankton, which all points to historic changes in ocean chemistry and the carbonate cycle. “So far, paleontologists had identified five big mass extinctions in the past 500 million years of ... Mar 15, 2020 · The Sadler Formation (“grey limestone”) is mainly of late Carnian age while the Peril Formation (“black limestone”) ranges from the late Carnian to late Norian (Desrochers and Orchard, 1991). The development of the Kunga limestones suggests the establishment of a stable carbonate environment after the main Wrangellia volcanic activity. Sep 16, 2020 · In a new paper, published today in Science Advances, an international team has identified a major extinction of life 233 million years ago that triggered the dinosaur takeover of the world.The crisis has been called the Carnian Pluvial Episode. The team of 17 researchers, led by Jacopo Dal Corso of the China University of Geosciences at …Jan 15, 2023 · Concurrent increases of δ 13 C carb and δ 13 C org during the Ladinian–Carnian are observed globally and thought to have been related to the full recovery of terrestrial ecosystem productivity during that interval (e.g., Dal Corso et al., 2022). These observations and inferences provide new insights into the recovery pattern …Mar 31, 2000 · Moreover, at the top of the Wengen Formation the ammonoid and conodont fauna represents the early Carnian Daxatina or Aon Zone. The biochronostratigraphic revision of the basinal formations requires modification of both the chronostratigraphic schemes and the paleogeographic history of the lombardian Southern Alps during …Mar 30, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Event: When It Rained For 2 Million Years On Earth In the late 20th Century, geologists began to notice a strange layer deposited in ancient rocks around the world. James...Aug 14, 2019 · By the end of the Carnian, clevosaurs were present in at least two distantly located regions of Pangaea that today constitute parts of the United Kingdom and Brazil 18,22,25.Nov 25, 1999 · Three newly discovered skeletons from the Carnian red beds of the Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil, represent one of the oldest dinosaurs ever found. The new taxon, Saturnalia tupiniquim, is ...Nov 16, 2020 ... This epic rainy spell — known now as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) — occurred roughly 233 million years ago and was a stark shift from the ...Oct 5, 2021 · The Carnian Stage of the Triassic Period marks one of the most significant intervals of the past 250 My. Within the space of ∼2 My, the world’s biota underwent major changes with dinosaurs becoming the notable incumbents. These events coincide with a remarkable interval of intense rainfall known as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE).The term “Carnian Pluvial Event” denotes an episode of increased rainfall which had a well recognizable and widespread influence on Carnian marine and ...nature of the Carnian Pluvial Episode. 28. 29. 1. Introduction. 30. The Carnian witnessed major changes in ...3 days ago · Fu Xiugen, Wang Jian, Wen Huaguo, Wang Zhongwei, Zeng Shengqiang, Song Chunyan, Chen Wenbin, Wan Youli. 2020. A possible link between the Carnian Pluvial Event, global carbon-cycle perturbation, and volcanism: New data from the Qinghai-Tibet2.Jun 12, 2018 ... The dinosaur explosion is shown here to correspond in timing to the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), dated at 232 Ma, a time of increased rainfall ...The distinctive characteristics of the dorsal armor of A. eisenhardtae are a mosaic of features, most of which are found singly or doubly in other aetosaur genera, which indicates a much more complex evolution of aetOSaur armor than previously understood. Adamanasuchus eisenhardtae is a new genus and species of aetosaur from the Upper …Jan 1, 2014 · The “Carnian Pluvial Event” is identified in the Iberian Peninsula as a continental clastic wedge (Manuel Fm. and coeval sediments) in between marine …Nov 18, 2021 · A significant shift in morphospace between the Carnian and Norian is also congruent with changes in feeding behaviour inferred between the Carnian taxa (e.g., possible faunivorous taxa as ...Sep 17, 2020 ... Scientists have mapped the loss of biodiversity and the emergence of new genera as a result of the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) during the ...Sep 28, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a short interval of extreme rainfall in the Late Triassic that caused significant changes in marine ecosystems. Global warming induced by Wrangellia volcanism ... Sep 20, 2017 · The evolutionary history of dinosaurs might date back to the first stages of the Triassic (c. 250–240 Ma), but the oldest unequivocal records of the group come from Late Triassic (Carnian – c ... Jul 1, 2020 · 1. Introduction. A rather short-term global disruption of Earth's climate-ocean-biological system in the middle of the Carnian Age of Late Triassic (onset at ∼ 234 Ma) resulted in widespread sand-rich layers across inland basins and coastal regions from engorged river systems and the abrupt termination of many tropical carbonate platforms (e.g., Hornung et al., 2007a; Ruffell et al., 2016 ... The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma) . [8] The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian . Apr 17, 2012 ... The Late Triassic timescale is poorly constrained due largely to the dearth of reliable radioisotopic ages that.The Carnian pluvial episode (CPE), often called the Carnian pluvial event, was an interval of major change in global climate that was synchronous with significant changes in Earth's biota both in the sea and on land. It occurred during the latter part of the Carnian Stage, a subdivision of the late Triassic period, and lasted for perhaps 1-2 ... Dec 14, 2011 · This paper presents a detailed facies analysis and paleo-depth reconstruction of a latest Early Carnian platform drowning-sequence from the Anatolian terrane (Turkey, Taurus Mountains). A total of eight sedimentary microfacies zones were recorded. An open platform margin passes through a deeper shelf margin setting into a …Dec 21, 2018 ... Carnian (Late Triassic) C-isotope excursions, environmental changes, and biotic turnover: a global perturbation of the Earth's surface system.Oct 1, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode, or short humid episode, occurring during the Julian to Tuvalian of the Carnian, is described here for the first time in the Argana Basin, Western High Atlas, Morocco. This was a multidisciplinary study based on the biostratigraphy, sedimentology, paleosols, geochemistry and clay mineralogy of its …Jan 22, 2013 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a short interval of extreme rainfall in the Late Triassic that caused significant changes in marine ecosystems. Global warming induced by Wrangellia volcanism ...Nov 16, 2020 ... This epic rainy spell — known now as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) — occurred roughly 233 million years ago and was a stark shift from the ...Jan 15, 2022 · The Carnian witnessed major changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Many marine groups experienced high extinction rates, while key herbivores on land disappeared (Dal Corso et al., 2020a).Concurrently, other groups–including dinosaurs, crocodiles, turtles, mammals, and modern conifer families on land, and Scleractinia coral …Oct 25, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode, and what it might have meant for dinosaurs, is a brand-new avenue of research. DUNNE: We see a lot of fossils that we can't quite figure out exactly how they fit into ... Oct 1, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode, or short humid episode, occurring during the Julian to Tuvalian of the Carnian, is described here for the first time in the Argana Basin, Western High Atlas, Morocco. This was a multidisciplinary study based on the biostratigraphy, sedimentology, paleosols, geochemistry and clay mineralogy of its …Among the most significant global climate changes recorded in the Mesozoic, the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) represents a topic gathering increasing ...Jan 1, 2019 · Abstract and Figures. The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a perturbation of the Late Triassic climate that had a strong impact on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The CPE is still a relatively ...Nov 18, 2021 · A significant shift in morphospace between the Carnian and Norian is also congruent with changes in feeding behaviour inferred between the Carnian taxa (e.g., possible faunivorous taxa as ...Abstract. From 1989 to 1994 a series of papers outlined evidence for a brief episode of climate change from arid to humid, and then back to arid, during the Carnian Stage of the late Triassic Epoch. This time of climate change was compared to marine and terrestrial biotic changes, mainly extinction and then radiation of flora and fauna. ABSTRACT - The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a perturbation of the Late Triassic climate that had a strong impact on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The ...Oct 1, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), a 1–2 Ma interval of enhanced humidity midway through the Triassic Period, has been implicated in high levels of biotic turnover in marine environments. The Carnian stage on land also saw major faunal and floral reorganisation, including the extinction of rhynchosaurs, the diversification of dinosaurs and ... Sep 15, 2018 · The Carnian Humid Episode (CHE sensu Ruffell et al., 2015), also known as Carnian Pluvial Event, is a major global Triassic climate event which was recognized in shallow carbonate platforms (Ogg, 2015, Ruffell et al., 2015, and references therein), and in deep-water environments (Rigo et al., 2007, Nakada et al., 2014). Sep 16, 2020 · Summary of major extinction events through time, highlighting the new, Carnian Pluvial Episode at 233 million years ago. Credit: D. Bonadonna/ MUSE, Trento. It’s not often a new mass extinction is identified; after all, such events were so devastating they really stand out in the fossil record. In a new paper, published today in Science ...Project Description. The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was identified in 1989, but its timing, drivers, and impacts have only been recognised recently. The CPE ...Apr 1, 2015 · During the Carnian, all the studied basins were located in the western Tethys (Fig. 1 A; Csontos and Vörös, 2004).The early Carnian stratigraphy of the Lunz nappe of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria, Fig. 1 B for location) is a succession of carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that records the evolution of the basin from …Oct 1, 2020 · One particular sudden climate event during the Triassic, the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) (also known as the Carnian Humid Phase/Episode or Carnian Wet Intermezzo), was only recognized in the late 1980s (Simms and Ruffell, 2018, Simms and Ruffell, 1989, Simms and Ruffell, 1990), though some regional effects were documented earlier (Schlager ... 1. Introduction. The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) (Simms and Ruffell, 1989; Dal Corso et al., 2020) was a turning point in the history of life on Earth.It paved the way for key elements of the modern biota, from dinosaurs to dinoflagellates, coccoliths to coral reefs (Furin et al., 2006; Stanley, 2006).The original CPE hypothesis was founded on an observed …Oct 1, 2020 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), a 1–2 Ma interval of enhanced humidity midway through the Triassic Period, has been implicated in high levels of biotic turnover in marine environments. The Carnian stage on land also saw major faunal and floral reorganisation, including the extinction of rhynchosaurs, ...Oct 16, 2018 · The discovery of the Carnian Pluvial Episode arose through a chance conversation bringing together two seemingly unrelated strands of research: the extinction of some Triassic crinoids and the stratigraphy of the non-marine Mercia Mudstone Group.May 23, 2017 · The “Carnian Crisis” was a major climate change and biotic turnover that occurred during the Carnian stage in the Tethys ocean. It is documented by: (i) a demise …1 day ago · The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic.The Late Triassic is …Sep 1, 2023 · The Songpan-Ganzi area is one isolated terrane rather than a remnant ocean basin, based on previous geophysical and geological data (e.g., Chang, 2000; Liu et al., 2019).Late Triassic igneous rocks are exposed in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and Qinling Orogen. The age of the Late Triassic igneous rocks, based on zircon U–Pb dating, is 228 …Oct 8, 2018 · The generally arid Late Triassic climate was interrupted by a wet phase during the mid-Carnian termed the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE). Quantitative palynological data from the Mercia Mudstone Group in the Wessex Basin (UK) reveal vegetation changes and palaeoclimate trends.
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Oct 1, 2023 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode, or short humid episode, occurring during the Julian to Tuvalian of the Carnian, is described here for the first time in the Argana Basin, Western High Atlas, Morocco. This was a multidisciplinary study based on the biostratigraphy, sedimentology, paleosols, geochemistry and clay mineralogy of its sections Had Rohala ... Nov 25, 1999 · Three newly discovered skeletons from the Carnian red beds of the Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil, represent one of the oldest dinosaurs ever found. The new taxon, Saturnalia tupiniquim, is ...May 10, 2023 · Abstract. The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ca. 234-232 Ma) was characterized by dramatic global temperature and humidity increases, which in many terrestrial settings was ...Sep 15, 2022 · 1. Introduction. The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) is a phase of prominent climate change occurred in the Late Triassic (e.g., Simms and Ruffell, 1989; Dal Corso et al., 2020).It was first recognized because a sharp lithological change characterized by the occurrence of terrigenous facies could be observed in several Carnian sedimentary …The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The CPE has always been dated as Carnian in age, and probably mid-Carnian (Simms & Ruffell 1989, 1990), but in the Italian Dolomites it has been shown to occur between the Aonoides–Austriacum boundary interval (about Julian) and the base of the Subbullatus Zone (Tuvalian), an interval that can be dated at 234–232 Ma (Roghi et al. 2010; Dal ... Aug 15, 2018 · Reef patterns change drastically between the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic due to the effects of the end-Permian mass extinction. Reef communities follow an ecological transition from the stabilization stage in the Anisian, to the colonization stage in the Carnian through Norian, to the final diversification and domination stages in the …Christian Carnian is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Christian Carnian and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected.Dec 18, 2018 · A carbon stable isotopic perturbation across the Carnian–Norian Boundary (CNB) is missing in our sections, or it is concealed because of the mixed organic matter sources. Our findings pinpoint the position of the CNB to a short stratigraphic interval of c. 12 m thickness in the Sichuan Basin. The studied sections greatly extend the ...May 23, 2017 · The Late Triassic timescale, especially the Carnian–Norian boundary, is poorly constrained mainly due to a paucity of high-precision radio-isotopic ages that can be related accurately to contradictions between the biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic correlations. LA ICP-MS dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the Lunz …Apr 1, 2015 · During the Carnian, all the studied basins were located in the western Tethys (Fig. 1 A; Csontos and Vörös, 2004).The early Carnian stratigraphy of the Lunz nappe of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria, Fig. 1 B for location) is a succession of carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that records the evolution of the basin from …May 23, 2017 · The Late Triassic timescale, especially the Carnian–Norian boundary, is poorly constrained mainly due to a paucity of high-precision radio-isotopic ages that can be related accurately to contradictions between the biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic correlations. LA ICP-MS dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the Lunz …Oct 15, 2015 · 1. Introduction. During the middle of the Carnian Age (~ 230 Ma) of the early Late Triassic, there was a global disruption of Earth's climate-ocean-biological system.This mid-Carnian episode, considered to be the most distinctive climate change within the Triassic (Preto et al., 2010), has been given various names depending upon the local …Sep 16, 2020 · The Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic) was a time of global environmental changes and possibly substantial coeval volcanism. The extent of the biological turnover in marine and terrestrial ecosystems is not well understood. Here, we present a meta-analysis of fossil data that suggests a substantial reduction in generic and species richness ... Oct 8, 2018 · The generally arid Late Triassic climate was interrupted by a wet phase during the mid-Carnian termed the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE). Quantitative palynological data from the Mercia Mudstone Group in the Wessex Basin (UK) reveal vegetation changes and palaeoclimate trends. .