An atom that permanently loses electrons becomes a cation i.e positively charges ion. 2. Anion has more electrons than protons. Cation has more protons than electrons. 3. Only non-metals can form anions. Only metals can form cations. 4. Both anion and cation combine to form ionic bonds.Ion-Exchange Resins: Charge, Strength, and Size. Ion-exchange resins have charged functional groups bound to resin beads that attract biomolecules of the opposite charge. Cation exchange resins are negatively charged, and anion exchange resins are positively charged. Resins are also categorized as “weak” or “strong” exchangers.Jul 13, 2020 · In this animated whiteboard tutorial, I will teach you the about ions like anions and cations in chemistry. To learn more about ions, cations and anions, wat... Cation vs. Anion: Definition, Explanation, & Examples - YouTube 0:00 / 3:57 In chemistry it is important to understand the key concept of ions and the terminology. There are two …Anions are formed when one or more electron is gained from another low-affinity atom. (1, 3) Cations are atom or molecule that has more protons than electrons, making it a positively charged ion. (3, 4) Anions are atom/molecules that have more electrons than protons, hence, they are negatively charged ions.A cation is an atom or a group of atoms bearing one or more positive electric charges, while an anion is an atom or a group of atoms bearing one or …15.4: Aromatic Ions. use the Hückel 4 n + 2 rule to explain the stability of the cyclopentadienyl anion, the cycloheptatrienyl cation and similar species. use the Hückel 4 n + 2 rule to determine whether or not a given unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon anion or cation is aromatic. draw the resonance contributors for the cyclopentadienyl anion ... A binary ionic compound is a compound composed of a monatomic metal cation and a monatomic n onmetal anion. The metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1 for the compound BaCl 2. The word ion is dropped from both parts. name of nonmetal anion + suffix -ide.Anion exchange vs cation exchange is the two forms of ion-exchange chromatography. These are the two chemical methods used to separate molecules according to their net surface charge. There are some differences between these two chemical methods. An ion is an atom or molecule. When an atom is charged positively …Apr 1, 2002 ... Anion-cation balance. One useful method for determining the reliability of major ion analyses of freshwater or saline water is measurement of ...Oct 6, 2022 ... Ions – Cations and Anions · Atoms or molecules that lose electrons become image description positively charged and are called cations. · In ...Cations et Anions sur le tableau périodique . techniquement, tout atome ou molécule peut former à la fois des cations et des anions. Par exemple, un atome d’hydrogène a généralement un État d’oxydation de +1, mais parfois il gagne un électron et a une charge de -1! Cela étant dit, les métaux forment généralement des cations ...Cationes y aniones. Un catión es un ión que tiene carga positiva y un anión es un ión con carga negativa. Tanto cationes como aniones son tipos de iones. Un ión es un átomo o grupo de átomos que poseen una carga eléctrica, es decir, presentan una diferencia entre el número de protones y el número de electrones que lo conforman. The symbol for the element calcium is Ca, which is a metallic element, and metals in the combined form yield ionic compounds. The symbol Ca is in group 2 on the periodic table, so the charge on calcium ions is +2 – Ca2+. The formula for nitrate is NO3 -. The formula for calcium nitrate is Ca(NO3)2. Ions. Normally, an atom of a given element has an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons are the heavy, positively charged particles found in the atom's inner nucleus, while electrons are light and negatively charged and orbit the nucleus. This means that there is no overall charge to the atom. In some cases, though, an atom or group of ...Post questions, jokes, memes, and discussions. The #1 social media platform for MCAT advice. The MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) is offered by the AAMC and is a required exam for admission to medical schools in the USA and Canada. /r/MCAT is a place for MCAT practice, questions, discussion, advice, social networking, news, study tips and ...El ion cargado positivamente se conoce como catión, mientras que el ion cargado negativamente se llama anión.Cuando un átomo pierde uno o más electrones para ganar más estabilidad, se convierte en el ion cargado positivamente (catión) y tiene el signo positivo que denota su capacidad de donar. Por otro lado, cuando un átomo gana uno o ...It is possible to predict whether an element will form a cation or anion by determining how many protons an element has. If an element has more protons than electrons, it is a cati...The symbol for the element calcium is Ca, which is a metallic element, and metals in the combined form yield ionic compounds. The symbol Ca is in group 2 on the periodic table, so the charge on calcium ions is +2 – Ca2+. The formula for nitrate is NO3 -. The formula for calcium nitrate is Ca(NO3)2.Oxyanions. You may have noticed that most of the polyatomic ions in Table 5.7.1 5.7. 1 carry a negative charge and contain the element oxygen. Anions that contain the element oxygen are called oxyanions. Many oxyanions belong to a series where the number of oxygen atoms in the ion varies, as shown in Table 5.7.2 5.7. 2.A comparison of ionic radii with atomic radii (Figure 3.2.7) cation, having lost an electron, is always smaller than its parent neutral atom, and an anion, having gained an electron, is always larger than the parent neutral atom. When one or more electrons is removed from a neutral atom, two things happen: (1) repulsions between electrons in ...Oct 11, 2023 · Sodium becomes a cation (Na+) when it loses an electron. An anion is an ion bearing a negative charge due to the gain of electrons. Chloride (Cl-) is an anion formed when chlorine gains an electron. A cation results from an atom losing one or more electrons. Calcium becomes a cation (Ca2+) by shedding two electrons. Eigen cation: H 9 O 4 + (or H 3 O + •3H 2 O) (named for Manfred Eigen) Zundel cations and Eigen cations play an important role in proton diffusion according to the Grotthuss mechanism. In connection with acids, "hydrogen ions" typically refers to hydrons. In the image at left the hydrogen atom (center) contains a single proton and a single ...Learn what an ion is in chemistry. You can produce a charged atom by taking a neutral atom and adding or removing one or more electrons which are called an i...Cách phân biệt Anion và Cation. Là các ion mang điện tích âm, được hình thành bằng cách thu hút những electron. Là các ion mang điện tích dương, được hình thành bằng cách loại bỏ bớt các electron. Các nguyên tử phi kim mang 5,6,7 electron ở lớp vỏ ngoài cùng có độ âm điện to ...Jun 17, 2020 · This video highlights the difference between cations and anions clearly explaining what they are and how they're made.Chemistry - Basic Introduction: ... Cations are positive ions with more protons than electrons, and anions are negative ions with more electrons than protons. Learn the origin, examples, and uses of these terms in …D. Nitrate. Correct Answer. A. Sulphate. Explanation. The given anion, SO2-4, is known as sulphate. This is because the chemical formula for sulphate is SO2-4. Sulphate is a polyatomic ion that consists of one sulphur atom and four oxygen atoms. It has a charge of -2, indicated by the negative sign.Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. It works on almost any kind of charged molecule—including small inorganic anions, large proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids.However, ion chromatography must be …To find the cation and anion in a compound, we have to first ask if the compound is ionic. Most ionic compounds are made up of two elements: a metal and a non-metal. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound that comprises ions. For example, the iconic ionic compound is sodium chloride, comprising sodium as the metal and chlorine as the …Anions 1-acetate C 2 H 3 O 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2-cyanate OCN-hydrogen carbonate fluoride F-(bicarbonate) HCO 3-hydride H-hydrogen sulfate hydroxide OH-(bisulfate) HSO 4-hypochlorite ClO-bisulfide HS-iodate IO 3-bisulfite HSO 3-iodide I-To find the cation and anion in a compound, we have to first ask if the compound is ionic. Most ionic compounds are made up of two elements: a metal and a non-metal. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound that comprises ions. For example, the iconic ionic compound is sodium chloride, comprising sodium as the metal and chlorine as the …Nonmetals. Elements that tend to gain electrons to form anions during chemical reactions are called non-metals. These are electronegative elements with high ionization energies. They are non-lustrous, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite). Non-metals can be gases, liquids or solids.Anions are formed when one or more electron is gained from another low-affinity atom. (1, 3) Cations are atom or molecule that has more protons than electrons, …NO2, the formula for the nitrite ion, carries a charge of minus 1. An ion with a negative charge, such as the nitrite ion, is known as an anion. An ion with a positive charge is kn...These electrons are loosely attached to the atom and can easily be removed, leaving more protons in the atom than there are electrons, so that the resulting ion has a positive charge. Cations can also be formed from electron loss to many of the transition elements. Figure 7.3.3 7.3. 3: Periodic Table of Elements, notated with group numbers.From pollu-cations to avoiding autos. Delhi’s air pollution hit new highs last winter, giving the city, at least briefly, the worst air quality readings of any place on earth. Unli...Anions are ions that are negatively charged. Ions are charged atoms or molecules. If a balanced atom loses one or more …Cation vs Anion. In an atom, there is a nucleus containing neutrons and protons. The protons have a positive charge while neutrons are neutral with no charge. That makes …Table 3.4.1 lists the ion names and ion formulas of the most common polyatomic ions. For example, NO − 3 is the nitrate ion; it has one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms and an overall 1− charge. Note that there are two polyatomic ions in this table, the ammonium ion and hydronium ion that are cations.ion – charged particle formed by the removal or addition of an electron. cation – ion with a positive charge. anion – ion with a negative charge. metal atoms tend to lose electrons. nonmetal atoms tend to gain electrons. polyatomic ions – joined atoms that have a net positive or negative charge.Mar 3, 2020 ... The chemical formula of a compound is always written with the cation first, followed by the anion. For example, Na is the cation and Cl is the ...Cationes y aniones. Un catión es un ión que tiene carga positiva y un anión es un ión con carga negativa. Tanto cationes como aniones son tipos de iones. Un ión es un átomo o grupo de átomos que poseen una carga eléctrica, es decir, presentan una diferencia entre el número de protones y el número de electrones que lo conforman. A cation is an atom or a group of atoms that has one or more positive electric charges. When electrons from neutral atoms, ions, or other molecules are eliminated. When positive ions are combined with other molecules. When the shared pair of electrons is linked with one atom due to covalent rupture, the other atom becomes deficient.Secondary difference: A cation has a smaller size compared to the parent atom or molecule. In contrast, an anion is larger in size compared to its parent atom ...Anion có kích thước lớn hơn cation. Được/mất. Các cation mất electron và đạt được sự ổn định. Anion thu được điện tử và đạt được sự ổn định. Trong điện phân. Các cation bị hút về phía điện cực tích điện âm trong quá trình điện phân. Các anion bị thu hút về ... El ion cargado positivamente se conoce como catión, mientras que el ion cargado negativamente se llama anión.Cuando un átomo pierde uno o más electrones para ganar más estabilidad, se convierte en el ion cargado positivamente (catión) y tiene el signo positivo que denota su capacidad de donar. Por otro lado, cuando un átomo gana uno o ...Learn the definition, formation, and examples of cations and anions, two types of ions with different charges and attractions. Compare and contrast cations and anions in terms of …A cation is simply an ion or a species with a positive charge. 1. An anion is simply an ion or a species with a negative charge. 2. The total protons in the ...The SLC4A1 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as anion exchanger 1 (AE1). Learn about this gene and related health conditions. The SLC4A1 gene provides instructi...The CO 2 removal from a concentrated gas stream (simulating biogas) has been investigated by using two identical fully bio-catalyzed microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), equipped with either a proton exchange membrane (PEM-MEC) or an anion exchange membrane (AEM-MEC). The equivalents deriving from the anodic oxidation of the …The negative and positive charge associated with clay minerals and organic matter are balanced by electrostatic attraction of cations and anions, respectively.The rules are simple, name the cation first and the anion second, giving the anion the -ide suffix. Cation (metal) first; Anion (nonmetal) second with -ide suffix; The problem is some metals have more than one stable charge state, and so for those metals (type 2 metals), we need to identify the charge in the name.Learn Difference between cations and anions topic of Chemistry in details explained by subject experts on Vedantu.com. Register free for online tutoring ...Anion analysis may simply identify which anions are present in a sample (qualitative analysis) or also determine the quantity of anions present (quantitative analysis). Traditional wet chemistry uses colorimetric methods to identify and quantify the anion composition. Modern separation techniques, such as anion exchange chromatography or ion ...ANSWER Compound Cation Anion NaCl Na + Cl - NiI2 Ni 2+ I - NH4F NH4 + F - Cr (CO3)2 Cr 4+ CO 3 2- V2S5 V 5+ S 2- Ionic compound is made up of …. Complete the table below by writing the symbols for the cation and anion that make up each ionic compound. The first row has been completed for you. ionic compound cation anion NaCl Na ci Х …The true structure of the conjugated allyl carbocation is a hybrid of of the two resonance structure so the positive charge is delocalized over the two terminal carbons. This delocalization stablizes the allyl carbocation making it more stable than a normal primary carbocation. The positive charge of a carbocation is contained in a p orbital of ...Apr 11, 2018 · The cations are positively charged ions while the anions are negatively charged ions. To form a cation, a neutral atom has to donate its electrons. But for the anion formation, the atom gains the electrons. Cations attain stability by losing the electrons while the anions complete their octet by gaining the electrons. Aug 4, 2021 · 3. When do you use anion exchange vs cation exchange? Anion is positively charged groups and the cation exchange method has negatively charged groups. The anion exchange will attract negatively charged anions. And Cation will attract positively charged cations. If it is stable at a pI value above the pH, the cation exchange method is used. El ion cargado positivamente se conoce como catión, mientras que el ion cargado negativamente se llama anión.Cuando un átomo pierde uno o más electrones para ganar más estabilidad, se convierte en el ion cargado positivamente (catión) y tiene el signo positivo que denota su capacidad de donar. Por otro lado, cuando un átomo gana uno o ... Learn the definition, formation, and examples of cations and anions, two types of ions with different charges and attractions. Compare and contrast cations and anions in terms of …Ba+2. Cation. P-3. Anion. Ends in ide. Anion. Names do not change. Cation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Gains e-, Loses e-, All metals form these and more.Learn the difference between anion and cation resins, the two main types of ion exchange resins used for dealkalization and demineralization of water. Find out how to select …The table below gives the ranges of cation/anion radius ratios that give the best fit for a given coordination geometry. Critical Radius Ratio. This diagram is for coordination number six: 4 anions in the plane are shown, 1 is above the plane and 1 is below. The stability limit is at r C /r A = 0.414. Coordination number.From a bacon scavenger hunt to plush monogrammed dog beds to Yappy Hours complete with pup-tinis, these hotels across the country are raising the bar to give pets the ultimate pup-...A cation is an ion with a positive charge. Common cations include Ca +2, Mg +2, Fe +2, and H +1. A cation resin is one that exchanges positive ions. An anion is an ion with a negative charge. Common anions include Cl -1, SO4 -2, and OH -1 . An anion resin is one that exchanges negative ions. Chemically, both types are similar and belong to a ...Cation Exchanger vs. Anion Exchanger. The net charge of the molecule(s) of interest determines resin choice. If positively charged molecules are to be immobilized by the column resin, a cation exchange resin is chosen, whereas a positively charged anion exchange resin is chosen if negatively charged molecules are to be captured by the resin.Jun 17, 2020 · This video highlights the difference between cations and anions clearly explaining what they are and how they're made.Chemistry - Basic Introduction: ... The main difference between cation and anion resins is that one is positively charged (cation) and the other is negatively charged (anion). This makes them ...What they’re used for. WAC resins are used for demineralization and dealkalization applications. Their high affinity for divalent cations ions (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+) makes them a good choice for applications demanding the removal of hardness ions associated with alkalinity.For high temporary hardness applications, a WAC resin can be used ahead of a …Ions: Anions vs. Cations. Ions are atoms or molecules that have a net charge, either positive or negative. There are two kinds of ions: Anions are negatively charged ions because they have negative net charges. This means that there is a greater number of electrons (-) than protons (+). For example, the anion, fluoride (F 1- ), has a one ...Jul 3, 2019 · Learn the definition, examples, and rules of cations and anions, the two types of ions with opposite electrical charges. Find out how to predict and write chemical formulas of cations and anions based on their position on the periodic table. ANION vs CATION. Term. 1 / 49. Aluminium. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 49. cation. Click the card to flip 👆.Atoms and Ions. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that can't be broken down chemically. Molecules are groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded. Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons and therefore have a net positive or negative charge. An atom can be an ion, but not all ...Aug 2, 2021 · When electrons are added, the net charge of the ion is negative and it is known as an anion. Ions can also be collections of atoms. Polyatomic ions form when atoms combine, but the chemical bonds between the atoms don’t balance the electrical charge. Here are some examples of ions: Fluoride ion: F – – This anion has 9 protons and 10 ... Oct 11, 2023 · Sodium becomes a cation (Na+) when it loses an electron. An anion is an ion bearing a negative charge due to the gain of electrons. Chloride (Cl-) is an anion formed when chlorine gains an electron. A cation results from an atom losing one or more electrons. Calcium becomes a cation (Ca2+) by shedding two electrons. Jun 4, 2019 · Ion, anión y catión son tres términos estrechamente relacionados entre sí y cuyo estudio es muy importante en la física y química. Cuando se habla de un ion se hace referencia a un átomo (o grupo de átomos) que ha adquirido carga eléctrica, es decir, que ya no es neutro. De acuerdo a la carga eléctrica adquirida puede dar como ... You need to recognize the ions in an ionic compound. The name gives you this information. The cation is always given first in a name, followed by the anion. So, you know the first part will always have a positive charge and the second part will have a negative charge. To know the charges, look at the periodic table. Sodium is an alkali …Also, ions in nature tend to be compensated by ions with opposite charges, whereas radicals are very reactive and thus short lived. Answer 3: An ion has a non-zero electric charge. A radical has an atom with unfilled electron shells and so is very reactive, but is electrically neutral. Answer 4: An ion carries a charge, that means that the ...Nanoparticle (NP) systems with controllable and adjustable response sensor characteristics are promising for the colorimetric sensing of heavy metal ions in aqueous systems. In …Sep 17, 2015 ... A cation is a positively charged particle where an electron is lost. A particle can be a double cation where 2 electrons are lost. There is a ...The Basic Difference Between a Cation and an Anion - Science Struck The Basic Difference Between a Cation and an Anion Cations and anions are positively and negatively …Cations and anions carry different fractions of the current. In electrolytic conduction, ions having different charge signs move in opposite directions. Conductivity measurements give only the sum of the positive and negative ionic conductivities according to Kohlrausch's law, but they do not reveal how much of the charge is carried by each ...Nov 1, 2011 ... The key difference between anion and cation is that anions are the negatively charged ions formed from neutral atoms whereas cations are ...A proper ionic formula has a cation and an anion in it; an ionic compound is never formed between two cations only or two anions only. The key to writing proper ionic formulas is …Cations are attracted to the cathode in an electrochemical cell. Calcium ions are important cations in the human body. The charge of a cation is always indicated by a superscript on the element symbol. Cations can be formed by the loss of electrons. Metals tend to form cations, while nonmetals tend to form anions. Cations play an important role ...In anions, the number of electrons is more than the number of protons. 4. Generally, metals form cations. Generally, non – metals form anions. 5. Cations get attracted towards the negatively charged electrode in electrolysis. Anions get attracted towards the positively charged electrode in electrolysis. 6.In this video, I will explain to you the two different types of ions Anions and Cations!Hope you enjoy :D ️️ I want to give a special thanks to my c...Cation and anion exchange resins are both small, porous, plastic beads (approximately .5 mm diameter, which varies) that are fixed with a specific charge. This “fixed” charge cannot be removed and is part of the resin’s crosslinked makeup or structure. Each resin bead must also contain a neutralizing counterion that is able to move in and ...Anion-exchange chromatography is a process that separates substances based on their charges using an ion-exchange resin containing positively charged groups, such as diethyl-aminoethyl groups (DEAE). [2] In solution, the resin is coated with positively charged counter-ions ( cations ). Anion exchange resins will bind to negatively charged ...
Oct 22, 2021 · Learn what an ion is in chemistry. You can produce a charged atom by taking a neutral atom and adding or removing one or more electrons which are called an i... . Carlitos way
Jul 3, 2019 · Cập nhật vào 03/07/2019. Cation và anion đều là ion. Sự khác biệt giữa cation và anion là điện tích thuần của ion . Ion là những nguyên tử hoặc phân tử đã tăng hoặc mất một hoặc nhiều điện tử hóa trị , tạo cho ion mang điện tích âm hoặc dương. Nếu loại hóa chất có ... ANION vs CATION. Term. 1 / 49. Aluminium. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 49. cation. Click the card to flip 👆.Cations are positive ions with more protons than electrons, and anions are negative ions with more electrons than protons. Learn the origin, examples, and uses of these terms in …One type of chemical bond is an ionic bond. Ionic bonds result from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. For example, sodium cations (positively charged ions) and chlorine anions (negatively charged ions) are connected via ionic bonds in sodium chloride, or table salt. Created by Sal Khan. Anion analysis may simply identify which anions are present in a sample (qualitative analysis) or also determine the quantity of anions present (quantitative analysis). Traditional wet chemistry uses colorimetric methods to identify and quantify the anion composition. Modern separation techniques, such as anion exchange chromatography or ion ...Sep 19, 2019 · Anions Vs. Atoms. Like cations, anions could be come soluble in a liquid. This would make the negatively charged species invisible to the naked eye. In this example, we will compare the element chlorine (which exists as Cl 2) to the chlorine ion (Cl-). Chlorine is a toxic,yellow, and corrosive gas. ADVERTISEMENTS: After reading this article you will learn about the cation and anion exchange in soil. Cation Exchange: In a near neutral soil, calcium remains adsorbed on colloidal particle. Hydrogen ion (H+ ) generated as organic and mineral acids formed due to decomposition of organic matter. In colloid, hydrogen ion is adsorbed more strongly than …Dec 12, 2017 · A cation is a positively-charged ion. A particle that can be present in metallic and non-metallic elements, a cation pertains to a group of compounds formed when an atom loses one or more negatively-charged subatomic particles, which are known as electrons. Meanwhile, an anion is a negatively-charged ion. It is formed when atoms or molecules ... Anion exchange vs cation exchange is the two forms of ion-exchange chromatography. These are the two chemical methods used to separate molecules according to their net surface charge. There are some differences between these two chemical methods. An ion is an atom or molecule. When an atom is charged positively …The above reactions indicate that demineralization completely removes the cations and anions from the water. In reality, because ion exchange reactions are equilibrium reactions, some leakage occurs. Most leakage from cation units is sodium. This sodium leakage is converted to sodium hydroxide in the anion units.Cập nhật vào 03/07/2019. Cation và anion đều là ion. Sự khác biệt giữa cation và anion là điện tích thuần của ion . Ion là những nguyên tử hoặc phân tử đã tăng hoặc mất một hoặc nhiều điện tử hóa trị , tạo cho ion mang điện tích âm hoặc dương. Nếu loại hóa chất có ...Eigen cation: H 9 O 4 + (or H 3 O + •3H 2 O) (named for Manfred Eigen) Zundel cations and Eigen cations play an important role in proton diffusion according to the Grotthuss mechanism. In connection with acids, "hydrogen ions" typically refers to hydrons. In the image at left the hydrogen atom (center) contains a single proton and a single ...Cation–π interaction between benzene and a sodium cation.. Cation–π interaction is a noncovalent molecular interaction between the face of an electron-rich π system (e.g. benzene, ethylene, acetylene) and an adjacent cation (e.g. Li +, Na +).This interaction is an example of noncovalent bonding between a monopole (cation) and a quadrupole (π …Cation vs. Anion: Definition, Explanation, & Examples Conclusion. Both cation and anion are the types of ions which possess different electric charges. Both of these ions attract each other and also form a bond. But if we talk about cation Vs. Anion differences, these both show different behavior is the electric field. In chemistry it is important to understand the key concept of ions and the terminology. There are two main types of ions, cations and anions.When you see an... Isotopes and Ions. Isotopes are versions of a particular element that have different numbers of neutrons. Ions are atoms (or molecules) that have lost or gained electrons and have an electrical charge. Isotopes involve neutrons. Ions involve electrons. Examples of Isotopes: O-16, C-14, H-1, Cl-37. Examples of Ions: Na +, Mg 2+, Cl-, O 2-Apr 1, 2002 ... Anion-cation balance. One useful method for determining the reliability of major ion analyses of freshwater or saline water is measurement of ....