Single-unit recordings revealed innervation of dura and superior sagittal sinus by slowly conducting axons, mostly in the unmyelinated range. The receptive ...The C9orf72 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is found in various tissues. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. The C9orf72 gene provides instruc...Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are located in the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata as well as scattered regions in between these two structures. 19,20 These project axons via the vagus nerve and its multiple intrathoracic cardiopulmonary branches to efferent postganglionic …In summary, the available evidence suggests that neuronal activity in primary afferent nerve fibres or higher-order neurons is sufficient to activate innate and adaptive immune cells, vascular ...Our findings contrast with the study of Udit et al. that describes a minor role for Nav1.8+ neurons in energy intake in a mouse model of primary afferent neuron …Nov 3, 2021 · Afferent Nerve Definition. The word ‘aferent’ means “steering or conducting something towards a destination”. The afferent nerves are the messenger neurons that bring the information from different parts of the body to the central nervous system (CNS). In biology, the afferent nerves are defined as the projections of axons that carry ... A sensory neuron (or afferent neuron) is a nerve cell that responds to external signals and sends them to the central nervous system. Learn about the structure, location, function, and types of …Neurons projecting into the spinocervical tract have receptive fields on both the hairy and glabrous skin in monkeys (Bryan et al., 1974). Peripheral inputs activating these neurons are cutaneous rapidly adapting afferents, and there is an apparent lack of slowly adapting cutaneous and deep receptor influences.Neurons projecting into the spinocervical tract have receptive fields on both the hairy and glabrous skin in monkeys (Bryan et al., 1974). Peripheral inputs activating these neurons are cutaneous rapidly adapting afferents, and there is an apparent lack of slowly adapting cutaneous and deep receptor influences.TRPV1 drugs alter core body temperature via central projections of primary afferent sensory neurons. 2022 Aug 15:11:e80139. doi: 10.7554/eLife.80139. TRPV1, a capsaicin- and heat-activated ion channel, is expressed by peripheral nociceptors and has been implicated in various inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions.Primary afferent sensory neurons are the gateway by which sensory information is transmitted from the peripheral tissues to the spinal cord and brain [5, 6]. The cell bodies of primary afferent sensory nerve fibers are located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia.sensory neuron, nerve cell that carries information about changes in external and internal environments to the central nervous system (CNS). Such neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, which lies outside the brain and spinal cord. They collect information from so-called sensory receptors, which are located in specialized tissues of ... Pseudounipolar neuron. A pseudounipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has one extension from its cell body. This type of neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches. A single process arises from the cell body and then divides into an axon and a dendrite. They develop embryologically as bipolar in shape, and are thus termed ... The difference between efferent and afferent nerves is that afferent is responsible for the transport of nerve impulses from the receptor organs to the central nervous system (CNS); while efferent neurons carry nerve impulses out of the CNS. It is natural to associate the concepts “neuron” and “brain”. After all, neurons are the type of ...Primary afferent neurons convey somatosensory information to the CNS. Low-threshold mechanoreceptors are classified as slow-adapting (SA) or rapid-adapting (RA) based on whether or not they spike repetitively during sustained tactile stimulation; the former are subclassified as Type 1 or 2 based on the regularity of their spiking.Nociceptive afferent neurons promote tissue protection from injury not only via their local efferent-like role but also through their afferent function whereby they elicit behavioural, autonomic and neuroendocrine responses and elicit the sensation of pain. The physiological task of these systemic reactions is also to maintain or regain tissue ...Injury or pressure on the nerve. Injuries, such as from motor vehicle accidents, falls or sports injuries, can sever or damage peripheral nerves. Nerve pressure can result from having a cast or using crutches or repeating a motion such as typing many times. Low vitamin levels. B vitamins, including B-1, B-6 and B-12, as well as copper and vitamin E …sensory afferent neurons comprise ~30–45% of phrenic nerve axons (Duron et al. 1978; Landau et al. 1962; Langford and Schmidt 1983). These fibers include large …Pain Signal Reception - Pain signal reception begins with a pain stimulus that is conducted rapidly through the body by nociceptors. Read more about pain signal reception. Advertis...Inoculation of mouse bladders with the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 caused pelvic allodynia, increased voiding frequency, and prompted an acute inflammatory process marked by leukocytic infiltration and edema of the mucosa. Compared with controls, isolated bladder sensory neurons from UTI-treated mice exhibited a …Afferent neurons are also called sensory neurons that carry signals from the sensory organs towards the central nervous system. It collects information from the outside world. It also transmits messages from the internal organs such as the sense of pain from appendicitis and ulcer. It has very long axons.Treatment of chronic pain by stimulation of fibers of primary afferent neuron. Treatment of chronic pain by stimulation of fibers of primary afferent neuron Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1968:93:103-7. Authors W H Sweet, J G Wepsic. PMID: 5304599 No abstract available. MeSH terms Electric Stimulation Therapy ...Neural development of primary afferent neurons is characterized by meandering processes that wind through the body in pursuit of semaphorins, netrins, Slits, and ephrins, which serve as guidance molecules by binding receptors on the neural growth cone [[24], [25], [26]]. Although neurogenesis is restricted after childhood, neurons …The neurons, which carry sensory impulses towards the CNS are referred to as afferent neurons. The afferent neurons convert external stimuli into internal electrical impulse. The nerve impulse travels along …Afferent neurons carry signals to the brain and spinal cord as sensory data, and efferent neurons send signals from the brain to the muscles, glands and organs of the body in respo...The neurons which transmit impulses from the central nervous system towards the effectors are called. View Solution. Click here:point_up_2:to get an answer to your question :writing_hand:afferent nerve fibres carry impulses from.The general somatic afferent (GSA) system comprises the neurons distributed primarily by the fifth cranial nerve to the surface of the head and all the spinal nerves to the surface of body and limbs that are sensitive to touch, temperature, and noxious stimuli. Special Somatic Afferent.Nov 1, 2021 · The afferent, or sensory, systems include visual, auditory, somatosensory, and interoceptive (ie, pain, temperature, and visceral sensation) inputs to the central nervous system. This chapter briefly reviews principles of transduction, relay, and processing of sensory information. The dorsal column–medial lemniscal system is reviewed in more ... Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology and pulmonary defense through …Jan 16, 2024 · Sensory neurons (sometimes referred to as afferent neurons) are nerve cells that carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system and brain. When these nerve impulses reach the brain, they are translated into ‘sensations’, such as vision, hearing, taste, and touch. Pain Signal Reception - Pain signal reception begins with a pain stimulus that is conducted rapidly through the body by nociceptors. Read more about pain signal reception. Advertis...Afferent Neurons. Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, are responsible for carrying information from sensory organs towards the central nervous system. These neurons receive information from various organs such as the skin, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and internal organs, and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain.Each ascending pathway follows the same general structure as first-order, second-order and third-order neurons. First-order neurons are afferent in nature. The …Nov 3, 2021 · Afferent Nerve Definition. The word ‘aferent’ means “steering or conducting something towards a destination”. The afferent nerves are the messenger neurons that bring the information from different parts of the body to the central nervous system (CNS). In biology, the afferent nerves are defined as the projections of axons that carry ... The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, made up of nerves and ganglia. Information travels in two directions: from the periphery to the central nervous system via afferent neurons, and from the central nervous system to the ... Afferent Neurons. Afferent neurons (also known as sensory neurons or afferent nerve fibers) are pathways that carry sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). These neurons receive information from sensory stimuli and carry impulses from receptors in muscles, organs, and glands to the central ...May 13, 2019 ... Only 8.3% colorectal afferent neurons were in the S1 DRG and almost ... Third, DRG contain the somata of sensory afferent neurons only, thus ...However, bone afferent neurons in Piezo2 knockdown animals had reduced discharge frequencies and took longer to recover from stimulus-evoked fatigue than those in mismatch control animals. Piezo2 knockdown also prevented nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced sensitization of bone afferent neurons, and retrograde labeled bone afferent …Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are located in the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata as well as scattered regions in between these two structures. 19,20 These project axons via the vagus nerve and its multiple intrathoracic cardiopulmonary branches to efferent postganglionic …How to say afferent neuron in English? Pronunciation of afferent neuron with 1 audio pronunciation, 3 synonyms, 1 meaning, 11 translations and more for afferent neuron.Afferent neurons projecting in the lesioned nerve can be excited or depressed in their activity via the DRG by electrical stimulation of sympathetic neurons and by catecholamines: 1. In the first 2–3 weeks after nerve lesion, most A-fiber neurons with spontaneous activity and only very few silent A-fiber neurons are excited, yet the ... Nov 1, 2021 · The afferent, or sensory, systems include visual, auditory, somatosensory, and interoceptive (ie, pain, temperature, and visceral sensation) inputs to the central nervous system. This chapter briefly reviews principles of transduction, relay, and processing of sensory information. The dorsal column–medial lemniscal system is reviewed in more ... Healthy rats that have selective destruction of group IV afferent neurons exhibited the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex observed in heart failure (Smith et al. 2005b). Gadolinium reduced the pressor response to exercise in all three groups, but the magnitude of the reduction was greater in the heart failure and the group IV afferent-destroyed rats …Learn how the structure of a neuron allows it to receive and transmit information, and how it can be organized into circuits that process information and generate a response. Explore the three classes of …We investigated ATF-3 expression in primary afferents in the monoarthritic (MA) model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ATF-3 is highly induced mainly in small and medium neurons, especially at 2 and 4 days of MA in L(5) DRGs.The neurons on the other hand are just the cells of the nervous system. ... Afferent (sensory) fibers emerge from the posteior root, passing through nerve cell …The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve that transmits various information from the digestive tract to the central nervous system. The vagus nerve is composed of both afferent fibers (visceral sensory nerve) and efferent fibers (motor nerves), although more than 70% of the subdiaphragmatic trunks are composed of afferent fibers 42.A sensory neuron (or afferent neuron) is a nerve cell that responds to external signals and sends them to the central nervous system. Learn about the structure, location, function, and types of …Oct 15, 2023 · There are three main types of neurons: Motor neurons make the connection between the brain and muscles throughout the body. These neurons transmit electrical impulses containing information to skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. Motor neurons control all of our body movement. Sensory neurons are neurons that let us feel sensation. Single-unit recordings revealed innervation of dura and superior sagittal sinus by slowly conducting axons, mostly in the unmyelinated range. The receptive ...We investigated ATF-3 expression in primary afferents in the monoarthritic (MA) model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ATF-3 is highly induced mainly in small and medium neurons, especially at 2 and 4 days of MA in L(5) DRGs.Everill, B. & Kocsis, J. D. Nerve growth factor maintains potassium conductance after nerve injury in adult cutaneous afferent dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroscience 100 , 417–422 (2000).Primary afferent "pain" fibers (nociceptors) are divided into subclasses based on distinct molecular and anatomical features, and these classes mediate noxious modality-specific contributions to behaviors evoked by painful stimuli. Whether the heat and capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential …These primary afferent neurons project to the Vi/Vc transition region in the brainstem, a critical relay in the lacrimation circuit. At the Vi/Vc region, select labelled-lines remain as distinct categories of second-order neurons, although convergence of several different classes of primary afferent neurons is also apparent.Decreased Responses of Spinal Neurons to Noxious Stimuli After VGLUT2 Deletion. If release of glutamate from nociceptors is essential for the transmission of ...A step-by-step guide to developing with Neuron. Receive Stories from @underpig Get free API security automated scan in minutesAug 14, 2001 ... These neurons had small diameter cell bodies (mode = 16–20 μ m), a feature of nociceptive-like C-fibers. Viral infection (Day 4 after ...A neuron is a nerve cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system. Neurons consist of a cell body, …In addition, in DRG neurons that project C-fiber afferents, there is a selective increase in ASIC3 expression. The evidence therefore supports the hypothesis that NGF plays a role in the up-regulation of ASIC3 expression in thin C-fiber afferent neurons. On top of this, the NGF induces an ASIC3-mediated muscle metaboreflex exaggeration.Using the single-cell RT-PCR technique we found that 60% (12/20) of labeled trigeminal nasal afferent neurons express mRNA for TRPM8. The TRPM8 gene was co-expressed with TRPV1 and TRPA1 mRNA in 7 of these 12 neurons, and they likely represent nasal nociceptors (35% of the overall labeled population).The properties of bladder afferent neurons in L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia of adult rats were evaluated after chronic bladder inflammation induced by 2 week treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYP; 75 mg/kg). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that most (70%) of the dissociated bladder afferent neurons from control rats were capsaicin …Definition. Primary afferents are sensory neurons (axons or nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system that transduce information about mechanical, thermal, and chemical states of the body and transmit it to sites in the central nervous system. Those that innervate the trunk and limbs have their cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia. Neuron. Within a nervous system, a neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network. Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric ...The cold-sensitive cation channel TRPM8 is a target for menthol, which is used routinely as a cough suppressant and as an additive to tobacco and food products. Given that cold temperatures and menthol activate neurons through gating of TRPM8, it is unclear how menthol actively suppresses cough. In …Jul 30, 2023 · Visceral afferent fibers are supported by Schwann cells, a type of glial cell that supplies nutrients to peripheral nerves and has a role in nerve regeneration. Schwann cells also insulate (myelinate) the axons of neurons from the peripheral nervous system by forming the myelin sheath. [6] The dorsal horns are made of interneurons, while the ventral horns are somatic motor neurons. Afferent neurons in the dorsal roots carry impulses from the body’s sensory receptors to the spinal cord, …Sensory nerves contain only afferent fibers, long dendrites of sensory neurons. Motor nerves have only efferent fibers, long axons of motor neurons. Mixed ...Decreased Responses of Spinal Neurons to Noxious Stimuli After VGLUT2 Deletion. If release of glutamate from nociceptors is essential for the transmission of ...Keyword afferent neurons. ORIGINAL PAPER. Neurophysiological changes in the afferent somatosensory system indices in the case of vertebrogenic spine pathology ...Nodose neuron dissociation. Visceral afferent neurons were dissociated from nodose ganglia from two to three week old Sprague-Dawley rats (Orient Bio Inc., Seongnam, Korea) of either gender as previously described [].All animal procedures were conducted with the approval of the institutional Animal Care and Use Committee in …Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons are densely distributed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which plays a crucial role in integrating and processing emotional and cognitive inputs from other brain regions. Therefore, it is important to know the neural afferent patterns of mPFC …1)afferent is neurons carrying info towards CNS--sensory neurons. 2)efferent is neurons carrying info away from CNS--motor neurons. -interneurons may be present. Relationship among NS structures. -afferents neurons bring info to a structure. -efferents neurons carry info away from structure. -certain neuron may be efferent or afferent depending ... Interneurons receive information from one set of neurons (usually afferent – see below) and transmit information to another set of neurons (usually efferent – see below). a peripheral nervous system (PNS) that collects information and sends commands , containing nerves that extend to and from the spinal cord and are divided into: However, bone afferent neurons in Piezo2 knockdown animals had reduced discharge frequencies and took longer to recover from stimulus-evoked fatigue than those in mismatch control animals. Piezo2 knockdown also prevented nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced sensitization of bone afferent neurons, and retrograde labeled bone afferent …Dec 1, 2017 · In nonrespiratory motor circuits, activation of sensory afferent neurons can evoke neuroplastic changes, especially in the injured spinal cord (Courtine et al. 2009; Minassian et al. 2016). Much less is known, however, in regard to phrenic afferent neurons and expression of neuroplasticity in respiratory-related neurons or networks. In the spinal cord, the Ia afferents synapse on the motor neurons of the muscle containing the spindle (the homonymous motor neurons) and, to a lesser extent, on motor neurons …1 Given their afferent functions, sensory neurons have been found to exert efferent influence and directly alter organ physiology. 43 Gao X et al. found ...Patch-clamp recordings in capsaicin-sensitive bladder afferent neurons from SCI mice showed hyperexcitability, which was evidenced by decreased spike thresholds and increased firing rate compared with SI mice. These results indicate that capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber afferent pathways, which become hyperexcitable after SCI, can modulate bladder ...The structure of sensory afferent compartments in health and disease. 2022 Nov;241 (5):1186-1210. doi: 10.1111/joa.13544. Epub 2021 Sep 15. Primary sensory neurons are a heterogeneous population of cells able to respond to both innocuous and noxious stimuli. Like most neurons they are highly compartmentalised, allowing them to detect, convey ...Aug 1, 2023 · Type of Neurons. Afferent and efferent neurons are also different in terms of their structure and composition. Afferent neurons are unipolar neurons, meaning they have a single process that extends from the cell body and splits into two branches, one towards the peripheral nervous system and the other towards the central nervous system. Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine ARTICLE: Heart neurons use clock genes to control myocyte proliferation AUTHORS: E...Piezo2 expression occurs in a neurochemically distinct subpopulation of corneal afferent neurons that are not polymodal nociceptors or cold-sensing neurons, and is likely confined to a subpopulation of pure mechano-nociceptors in the cornea. This provides the first evidence in an in vivo system that Piezo2 is a strong candidate for a …The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve that transmits various information from the digestive tract to the central nervous system. The vagus nerve is composed of both afferent fibers (visceral sensory nerve) and efferent fibers (motor nerves), although more than 70% of the subdiaphragmatic trunks are composed of afferent fibers 42.May 7, 2022 · Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): Sensory neurons carry information towards the CNS. Motor neurons carry information from the CNS. Interneurons carry information between sensory and motor neurons. Sensory (also called afferent) neurons carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tissues and organs to the central nervous system. They change physical ... Jul 24, 2018 · In the PNS, afferent nerve fibers are referred to as sensory neurons, of which axons carry the sensory information from regions of the body to the spinal cord, whereas the efferent nerve fibers in the PNS are preganglionic and postganglionic motor neurons that carry the impulses of motor-movement signals out from the spine to the peripheral ... The neuron is one of two basic types of cells in the nervous system, the other type being the glial cell. Figure 6.3.1 6.3. 1: Interneurons of Adult Visual Cortex. Neurons, also called nerve cells, are electrically excitable cells that are the main functional units of the nervous system.The intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the intestine are the only vertebrate primary afferent neurons so far identified with cell bodies in a peripheral organ. They are multipolar and receive synapses on their cell bodies, unlike cranial and spinal primary afferent neurons. They communicate with each other via slow excitatory synaptic ...Jan 17, 2023 · Afferent nerve: Carries nerve impulses from sensory receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. Schwann cell : The principal glia of the peripheral nervous system. efferent nerve : Nerves that conduct signals from the central nervous system along motor neurons to their target muscles and glands. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, made up of nerves and ganglia. Information travels in two directions: from the periphery to the central nervous system via afferent neurons, and from the central nervous system to the ...
Correct answer: afferent . . . efferent. Explanation: Afferent neurons are sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain, while efferent neurons are motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous systme and towards muscles to cause movement. . Anne wilson my jesus lyrics
A step-by-step guide to developing with Neuron. Receive Stories from @underpig Get free API security automated scan in minutesOct 31, 2023 · Figure 35.2.1 35.2. 1: Cellular structure of neurons: Neurons contain organelles common to many other cells, such as a nucleus and mitochondria. They also have more specialized structures, including dendrites and axons. Once a signal is received by the dendrite, it then travels passively to the cell body. The cell body contains a specialized ... Nov 3, 2023 · There are two types of neurons, named according to whether they send an electrical signal towards or away from the CNS; Efferent neurons (motor or descending) send neural impulses from the CNS to the peripheral tissues, instructing them how to function. Afferent neurons (sensory or ascending) conduct impulses from the peripheral tissues to the ... Sensory afferent neurons carry inputs from sensors in the periphery to the central nervous system. The term "afferent" means "carrying into," and usually ....The afferent nerves are the messenger neurons that bring the information from different parts of the body to the central nervous system (CNS). In biology, the afferent nerves are defined as the projections of …We examined the effect of lafutidine, a novel histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist, on acid reflux esophagitis in rats in relation to capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons. The esophagitis was induced in rats by ligating both the pylorus and forestomach for 4 h. Lafutidine (1 - 30 mg/kg) and cimetidine …Abstract. The Merkel cell-neurite complex is a unique vertebrate touch receptor comprising two distinct cell types in the skin. Its presence in touch-sensitive skin areas was recognized more than a century ago, but the functions of each cell type in sensory transduction have been unclear. Three recent studies demonstrate that Merkel cells are ...Cholecystokinin (CCK), an endogenous brain-gut peptide, is released after food intake and promotes the process of satiation via activation of the vagus nerve. In vitro, CCK increases cytosolic calcium concentrations and produces membrane depolarization in a subpopulation of vagal afferent neurons. H …The cell bodies of the afferent neurons (so-called 'sensory' neurons) are found in: (1) the spinal ganglia, the ganglia of the cranial nerve roots, and the sympathetic and collateral ganglia. Here are located the bodies of the neurons whose dendrites extend to the skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles, bones and tendons and viscera of the body; (2) the …The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Aδ) and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Immunochemical studies indicate that bladder afferent neurons synthesize several putative neurotransmitters, including neuropeptides, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and ... afferent neuron: A neuron that conducts sensory impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. Synonym: sensory neuron See also: neuronJan 17, 2023 · Afferent nerve: Carries nerve impulses from sensory receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. Schwann cell : The principal glia of the peripheral nervous system. efferent nerve : Nerves that conduct signals from the central nervous system along motor neurons to their target muscles and glands. Oct 24, 2023 · Afferent neurons transmit a variety of impulses from sensory receptors/sense organs. They carry general sensations like touch, pain, temperature and position in space (proprioception). Some also transmit more special, sensorial information like the special senses of smell, vision, hearing and balance. Three classes of enteric neurons can be identified in the ENS, including motor neurons, intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs, or sensory neurons), and interneurons. IPANs are the primary sensors and regulators of the ENS that detect the chemical features of the luminal contents and physical state of the organs (ie, tension in the enteric wall). These …Aug 14, 2001 ... These neurons had small diameter cell bodies (mode = 16–20 μ m), a feature of nociceptive-like C-fibers. Viral infection (Day 4 after ...Aug 18, 1998 ... Abstract ... Both the nodose and jugular vagal ganglia provide sensory innervation to the airways. The purpose of this study was to localize and ...The direction of information flow in any particular circuit is essential to understanding its function. Three classes of neurons are the basic constituents of all neural circuits. Nerve cells that carry information toward the central nervous system (or farther centrally within the spinal cord and brain) are called afferent neurons Afferent Neurons Peripheral autonomic nervous system. Visceral afferent neurons are polymodal and are excited by physical (distention,... Cardiac and other visceral afferents. …Jan 28, 2014 · Neurons express multiple types of voltage-gated calcium channels with specific subcellular expression patterns and functions, and primary afferent neurons are no exception (reviewed in ref. 1). .